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Research Development

Staff Publications

 Small purple icon of a book with a magnifying glass on top  Staff Publications

Find out what your colleagues have been writing. This section features articles published by staff working for St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals and Halton, Knowsley and St Helens community staff.

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All publications by 'O'Brien S'


Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Staff

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St Helens and Knowsley Hospital Staff - Publications pre April 2024

Evaluating the impact of a pharmacist-led prescribing feedback intervention

Background Prescribing errors are prevalent in hospital settings with provision of feedback recommended to support prescribing of doctors. Feedback on prescribing has been described as feasible and valued but limited by doctors, with pharmacists described as credible facilitators of prescribing feedback. Evidence supporting prescribing feedback has been limited to date...

Published: 16/12/2020
Authors: Lloyd M, O'Brien S, Hardy KJ, Furlong NJ

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Exploring pharmacist experiences of delivering individualised prescribing error feedback in an acute hospital setting

​ Highlights • Delivery of prescribing error feedback is valued by hospital pharmacists and considered sustainable • Pharmacists report altered prescribing behaviour and improved prescribing following receipt of feedback • Pharmacists report greater team-work and prescriber communication following delivery of feedback • Delivering prescribing error feedback can improve the self-confidence and self-worth of pharmacists Lloyd,..

Published: 20/12/2017
Authors: Lloyd M, Furlong NJ, Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Exploring the impact of feedback on prescribing error rates

​ Background Prescribing errors are prevalent in hospital settings with feedback identified as one potential error reduction strategy. Hospital pharmacists work alongside prescribers at ward level and are credible facilitators of prescribing error feedback. A formalised programme of pharmacist-led prescribing error feedback was designed and implemented  Objective To determine the impact..

Published: 17/08/2017
Authors: Lloyd M, O'Brien S, Hardy KJ, Furlong NJ

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Diabetic kidney disease in routine clinical care

​ Aim To examine the impact of service re-design on management and 10-year outcomes in diabetic kidney disease in a real world setting. Methods We established a highly structured, nurse-led diabetic kidney clinic to deliver consistent evidence-based care processes (blood pressure control (BP), glycaemic control (HbA1c), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) blockade, lipid-lowering..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Diabetes education through adult learning

​ Abstract Patient education is acknowledged to be the cornerstone of effective self-management in people with chronic conditions such as diabetes. While the effects of patient education in terms of biophysical endpoints such as HbA1c are well studied, its effects on quality of life (QOL) and other non-biophysical outcomes are..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Cardwell J, Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Low dietary sodium

​ Abstract  In a meta-analysis that investigated the effects of dietary sodium restriction in diabetes nephropathy, although blood pressure fell, there were significant increases in plasma renin and aldosterone levels. In this article, we hypothesise that in diabetic nephropathy, ACE-I or ARB treatment attenuates any rise in RAS hormones that might..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate

​ OBJECTIVE  Fasting is not routinely recommended for renal function tests, despite the known effects of cooked meat on creatinine. We therefore studied variation in creatinine and estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) following a standardised cooked meat meal in 80 subjects: healthy volunteers, diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1 & 2, 3A, 3..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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GLP-1 Treatment

​ Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist treatment in type 2 diabetes typically improves glycaemic control and results in weight loss. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) continuation criteria are that at six months patients must have achieved at least a 3% reduction in weight and an 11mmol/mol (1%) reduction in..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Keigan S, Wessels L, O'Brien S, Hardy KJ

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Inpatients with Diabetes

​ Aim:  UK management of inpatients with diabetes is suboptimal. Previously, we found diabetes knowledge to be lacking amongst ward staff nurses. We hypothesised that final year student nurses should know about diabetes management and our aim was to test diabetes knowledge in such students to determine whether low knowledge amongst..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: O'Brien S, , Cardwell J, Hardy KJ

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Healthcare Assistants Lack the Knowledge

​ Aim:  Much healthcare for people with diabetes is delivered by healthcare assistants (HCAs). We interviewed inpatients with diabetes following discharge from hospital and they raised concerns about HCAs’ understanding of diabetes.Given the enhanced role of HCAs in recent years it is essential they know how to manage inpatients with..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: , Cardwell J, Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Inpatient Diabetes Care

​ Aim:  Inpatient diabetes care is a burden on NHS resources. National inpatient audits identify areas of poor management but do not provide insight into underlying causes to fix the problems. Our aim was to explore the experiences of inpatients with diabetes, identify reasons for mismanagement and investigate these further. Methods: ..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: O'Brien S, , Cardwell J, Hardy KJ

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Guidelines and Inpatient Diabetes Nurse Specialists

​ Aim:  Diabetes specialist nurses (DSNs) have a vital role in enabling people to self-manage and in supporting non-specialist staff. Our research has identified low diabetes knowledge amongst ward nurses and students, but this may not be problematic if DSNs bridge the gap. Here, we surveyed ward nurses to determine their ..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Cardwell J, , Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Pump Advanced Carbohydrate Education programme

​ Abstract Enabling patients to have a say in the design and delivery of local health services is a key priority in the NHS. The St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust diabetes team aimed to set up a peer support group for people with type 1 diabetes to aid in..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Cardwell J, Furlong NJ, Hardy KJ, Wessels L, O'Brien S

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St Helens Community Staff

Evaluating the impact of a pharmacist-led prescribing feedback intervention

Background Prescribing errors are prevalent in hospital settings with provision of feedback recommended to support prescribing of doctors. Feedback on prescribing has been described as feasible and valued but limited by doctors, with pharmacists described as credible facilitators of prescribing feedback. Evidence supporting prescribing feedback has been limited to date...

Published: 16/12/2020
Authors: Lloyd M, O'Brien S, Hardy KJ, Furlong NJ

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Exploring the impact of pharmacist-led feedback on prescribing behaviour: A qualitative study

Background Prescribing errors occur frequently in hospital settings. Interventions to influence prescribing behaviour are needed with feedback one potential intervention to improve prescribing practice. Doctors have reported a lack of feedback on their prescribing previously whilst the literature exploring the impact of feedback on prescribing behaviour is limited. Objectives To..

Published: 16/01/2019
Authors: O'Brien S

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Exploring hospital pharmacists’perceptions of their medication communication with prescribers

Abstract Prescribing errors are common and problematic in hospital settings in the UK. Pharmacists have been described as integral in the interception of prescribing errors, with effective medication communication between pharmacists and prescribers important to resolve and optimize prescribing outcomes. However, poor communication between healthcare professionals, including pharmacists and prescribers,..

Published: 16/05/2018
Authors: O'Brien S

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Exploring pharmacist experiences of delivering individualised prescribing error feedback in an acute hospital setting

​ Highlights • Delivery of prescribing error feedback is valued by hospital pharmacists and considered sustainable • Pharmacists report altered prescribing behaviour and improved prescribing following receipt of feedback • Pharmacists report greater team-work and prescriber communication following delivery of feedback • Delivering prescribing error feedback can improve the self-confidence and self-worth of pharmacists Lloyd,..

Published: 20/12/2017
Authors: Lloyd M, Furlong NJ, Hardy KJ, O'Brien S

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Introducing community integrated nursing teams

​ Abstract The present day collection of financial and demographic challenges confronted by health and social care mean that integrated services are undoubtedly essential to sustain adequate care. However, the impact of integrated care upon healthcare staff and patients as well as new ways of working will need to be demonstrated,..

Published: 15/08/2017
Authors: O'Brien S

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Exploring attitudes and opinions of pharmacists toward delivering prescribing error feedback

Background Prescribing error (PE) rates have been extensively reported in the literature. Various interventions at reducing PEs have been studied with some success, yet PEs continue to be a challenge for the health care system. Prescriber feedback has been proposed as one mechanism to reduce PEs in seminal studies. Pharmacists..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: O'Brien S

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Formalized prescribing error feedback from hospital pharmacists

Abstract Doctors have reported a lack of awareness of their prescribing errors with lack of feedback considered a system failure. This article summarizes the views of hospital doctors about receiving formal prescribing error feedback from ward-based pharmacists.  Lloyd, M; Watmough, SD; O'Brien, SV; Furlong, N; Hardy, K. (2015). Formalized prescribing error..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: O'Brien S

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Exploring attitudes and opinions of pharmacists toward delivering prescribing error feedback

Background Prescribing error (PE) rates have been extensively reported in the literature. Various interventions at reducing PEs have been studied with some success, yet PEs continue to be a challenge for the health care system. Prescriber feedback has been proposed as one mechanism to reduce PEs in seminal studies. Pharmacists..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Furlong NJ, Hardy KJ, Lloyd M, O'Brien S

Read More

Formalized prescribing error feedback from hospital pharmacists

Abstract Doctors have reported a lack of awareness of their prescribing errors with lack of feedback considered a system failure. This article summarizes the views of hospital doctors about receiving formal prescribing error feedback from ward-based pharmacists. Lloyd, M; Watmough, SD; O'Brien, SV; Furlong, N; Hardy, K. (2015). Formalized prescribing error..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Furlong NJ, Hardy KJ, Lloyd M, O'Brien S

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Knowsley Community Staff

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Halton Community Staff

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North West Boroughs Community Health Staff

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