Research Development

Staff Publications

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Find out what your colleagues have been writing. This section features articles published by staff working for St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals and Halton, Knowsley and St Helens community staff.

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All publications by 'Barton G'



Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust – St Helens & Knowsley Staff

Critical care pharmacy workforce: a 2020 re-evaluation of the UK deployment and characteristics

Introduction Critical care pharmacists improve the quality and efficiency of medication therapy whilst reducing treatment costs where they are available. UK critical care pharmacist deployment was described in 2015, highlighting a deficit in numbers, experience level, and critical care access to pharmacy services over the 7-day week. Since then, national workforce..

Published: 31/03/2023
Authors: Barton G

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A survey of UK critical care pharmacists research involvement and associated barriers

Introduction Pharmacist led research provides evidence of impact of safe, effective and economic advanced pharmaceutical care in critical care medicine. Examples include impact of extracorporeal therapies on drug handling1; sedation delirium management2; medication safety3 and broader pharmacist interventions.4 The New Zealand Hospital Pharmacist Association (NZPHA), Society of Pharmacists of Australia (..

Published: 15/08/2022
Authors: Barton G

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An international survey on aminoglycoside practices in critically ill patients

Background While aminoglycosides (AG) have been used for decades, debate remains on their optimal dosing strategy. We investigated the international practices of AG usage specifically regarding dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in critically ill patients. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, observational, cohort study in 59 intensive-care units (ICUs) in 5 countries..

Published: 19/03/2021
Authors: Barton G

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Fever in a patient with osteomyelitis: the diagnosis could be serotonin syndrome

Abstract Awareness of rare differential diagnoses of common clinical presentations helps promote early detection and prompt management of serious conditions. A 54-year-old man, with an infected non-union following a high tibial osteotomy, presented with an acutely discharging abscess to his proximal tibia. He was generally unwell with a Staphylococcus aureus..

Published: 05/02/2021
Authors: Gould M, Harrison WD, Cahill-Kearns A, Barton G

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000363 An international survey on aminoglycoside practices in critically ill patients: The AMINO III study

INTRODUCTION The optimal dosing strategy of aminoglycosides (AG) remains debated in intensive care units (ICUs). OBJECTIVES We investigated the international practices of AG regarding dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring in ICU patients. METHODS A prospective, multicentre, observational, cohort study was conducted in 59 intensive care units (ICUs) across 5 countries. All patients..

Published: 19/09/2019
Authors: Barton G

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Critical care pharmacy workforce: UK deployment and characteristics in 2015

​Objective: Clinical pharmacists reduce medication errors and optimize the use of medication in critically ill patients, although actual staffing level and deployment of UK pharmacists is unknown. The primary aim was to investigate the UK deployment of the clinical pharmacy workforce in critical care and compare this with published standards...

Published: 04/01/2018
Authors: Barton G

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Infusion medication concentrations in UK’s critical care areas

​Abstract Following two studies done in 2007 and 2009, a follow-up of the adherence to the suggested guidelines on drug standardisation has been performed with a suggestion for future standards that can be achieved, to complement the recently published Carter report. The Intensive Care Society (ICS) introduced recommendations for infusion concentrations of 16..

Published: 06/09/2016
Authors: Barton G

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Pharmacokinetic considerations and dosing strategies of antibiotics

​ Abstract The treatment of sepsis remains a significant challenge and is the cause of high mortality and morbidity. The pathophysiological alterations that are associated with sepsis can complicate drug dosing. Critical care patients often have capillary leak, increased cardiac output and altered protein levels which can have profound effects on..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Barton G

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The ADMIN-ICU survey

​ Objectives  There is little evidence and few guidelines to inform the most appropriate dosing and monitoring for antimicrobials in the ICU. We aimed to survey current practices around the world. Methods  An online structured questionnaire was developed and sent by e-mail to obtain information on local antimicrobial prescribing practices for..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Barton G

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Intravenous antibiotic administration practices

​ INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are the curative therapy in the management of sepsis. A point prevalence study in 2007 showed that 51 % of patients on Intensive Care Units worldwide were deemed to have sepsis with 71 % receiving antibiotics. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) data suggest that some parameters such as volume of distribution and renal clearance..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Barton G

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The admin-ICU survey

​ INTRODUCTION Antibiotic choice and dosing is one of the cornerstones of infection management in intensive care. Recent research demonstrates variability in antimicrobial pharmacokinetics in the critically ill. There is little evidence to which is the most appropriate dosing, administration and monitoring strategy. OBJECTIVES To determine current practices in antimicrobial dosing,..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Barton G

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Cheshire and Merseyside Critical Care

​ Background The intravenous route is the most common route of drug administration on critical care units. Intravenous drug administration can be particularly hazardous on critical care due to complex drug regimes, multiple concurrent infusions and the unstable nature of patients. In response to 800 incidents, the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA)..

Published: 19/07/2016
Authors: Barton G

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St Helens Community Staff

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Knowsley Community Staff

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Halton Community Staff

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North West Boroughs Community Health Staff

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